What is the primary characteristic of civil aviation?

The primary characteristic of civil aviation is that it includes both scheduled service and charter flights. Civil aviation encompasses all non-military aviation activities, meaning it involves a broad range of air transport services that cater to passengers and cargo. Scheduled services refer to regular flights based on a set timetable, while charter flights are typically unscheduled flights arranged for specific groups or purposes. This inclusion of multiple types of services highlights the diversity and comprehensive nature of civil aviation, making it essential for connecting people and goods across the globe.

The other options do not accurately reflect the scope of civil aviation. Government-operated airlines represent only a small segment of the entire civil aviation sector, while focusing solely on passenger services neglects the significant role that cargo transport plays within civil aviation. This broad definition ensures that civil aviation serves various needs in both commercial and leisure travel contexts.