Which term refers to airlines that were pioneers in the industry?

The term that refers to airlines which were pioneers in the industry is legacy airlines. Legacy airlines are those established major carriers that have been in operation for a significant period, often dating back to the early days of commercial aviation. These airlines typically have extensive route networks, established brand recognition, and a loyal customer base. They often operate in a full-service capacity, providing various amenities such as checked baggage, in-flight meals, and multiple cabin classes.

Legacy airlines played crucial roles in shaping the airline industry, developing many operational and service standards still relevant today. Their history reflects the evolution of air travel and the industry over time. This contrasts with other types of airlines mentioned—low-cost airlines focus on budget travel, charter airlines operate on a demand basis for specific trips, and regional airlines serve smaller markets, often as feeders to legacy carriers.